In this guide
Wealth tax by country data for 2026 tells a much narrower story than the headlines suggest: only four OECD countries, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and Colombia, levy a genuine broad annual tax on total net worth. Of the countries that once had one, France and the Netherlands replaced theirs years ago with narrower levies that tax specific assets rather than total wealth, and Germany stopped levying its wealth tax in 1997. Italy has no broad wealth tax, only levies on residents' foreign property and foreign financial assets.
"Wealth tax is everywhere" is mostly wrong, and that matters if you're weighing a relocation decision based on secondhand reporting rather than the actual rules. Confusing France's real-estate-only IFI with a genuine net-worth tax, or assuming Germany still has one at all, can lead to ruling out a country for the wrong reason, or worse, missing that Spain's regional variation makes the actual exposure far more nuanced than a single national rate implies.
This guide covers the short list of countries with a genuine broad wealth tax, the actual rates and thresholds for each, what replaced wealth tax in the countries that dropped it, and how to actually plan around exposure if you're relocating somewhere on this list.
Key Takeaways
- Only four OECD countries levy a genuine broad annual net wealth tax in 2026: Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and Colombia. This narrow list is itself the headline finding.
- Spain's wealth tax is nominally national but administered regionally, and Madrid applies a 100% rebate that effectively eliminates it for residents there, meaning where in Spain you live matters enormously.
- Switzerland's wealth tax is set at the cantonal level, not federally, creating real "shop within the country" variation, for example Zurich, which taxes net wealth above CHF 81,000 for a single person and whose top bracket, from CHF 3,304,000, comes to about 0.64% in the city once cantonal and municipal multipliers apply.
- France and the Netherlands replaced their broad wealth taxes with narrower substitutes: France's real estate-only IFI and the Netherlands' deemed-return Box 3. Germany has not levied its wealth tax since 1997, and Italy taxes only residents' foreign property and foreign financial assets (IVIE and IVAFE).
- Wealth tax should be evaluated alongside income tax and available flat-tax regimes, not in isolation. A country with no wealth tax but high income tax may still cost more overall depending on your asset mix.
Wealth Tax by Country: The Countries With a Genuine Broad Wealth Tax in 2026
Only four OECD countries currently levy a broad annual net wealth tax, meaning a tax on total net worth rather than a specific asset category.
| Country | Rate | Threshold | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | 1.0%-1.1% | NOK 1.9 million (higher rate above NOK 21.5 million) | National-level tax |
| Spain | 0.2%-3.5% | €700,000 (regional variation; Madrid effectively exempts via 100% rebate) | Progressive; plus a separate "solidarity wealth tax" of 1.7%-3.5% above €3 million, extended until the reform of regional financing |
| Switzerland | ~0.1%-1% | Varies by canton (e.g., Zurich: taxed above CHF 81,000 single; top rate about 0.64% in the city above CHF 3,304,000) | Cantonal, not federal |
| Colombia | 0.5%-1.5% | Varies | Applies to worldwide net worth for residents |
Per the Tax Foundation's data on wealth taxes in Europe, this list has shrunk considerably over the past two decades as most OECD countries abandoned broad wealth taxes in favor of narrower alternatives, a trend most general "wealth tax" content doesn't clearly convey.
Want the broader context of Spain as a residency destination? Explore Spain residency options →
Country Deep Dives
Norway
Norway's national wealth tax runs 1.0% to 1.1%, applying above a threshold of NOK 1.9 million, with a higher rate kicking in above NOK 21.5 million. Unlike Spain and Switzerland, this is a single national rate without sub-national variation, which makes Norway's exposure comparatively straightforward to calculate once you know your net worth.
Spain
Spain's state wealth tax scale runs 0.2% to 3.5%, applying above a €700,000 threshold, but the practical reality is far more regionally dependent than that range suggests. Spain's wealth tax is nominally national but administered by autonomous communities, and some regions, notably Madrid, apply a 100% rebate that effectively eliminates the tax entirely for residents there.
On top of the standard wealth tax, Spain also applies a separate "solidarity wealth tax" of 1.7% to 3.5% above €3 million, a measure that was introduced as temporary and has since been extended until the reform of regional financing. The Spanish tax authority's official wealth tax guidance confirms the current thresholds and notes the regional variation directly.
Say you're weighing a move to Spain with a net worth well above the €3 million solidarity threshold, and Spain's wealth tax looks like it makes the country a non-starter. Establishing residency in Madrid specifically, rather than Barcelona or another autonomous community, would effectively eliminate your standard wealth tax exposure via the regional rebate, though the solidarity tax still applies regardless of region since it's a separate national-level measure. The distinction between the two taxes, and the fact that region matters enormously for one but not the other, can change your entire residency planning approach.
Curious how residency choices within a country affect your broader tax exposure? Read our guide to the 183-day rule and dual residency →
Switzerland
Swiss wealth tax runs roughly 0.1% to 1%, but since it's set at the cantonal, and sometimes municipal, level rather than federally, the actual rate and threshold depend entirely on where in Switzerland you establish residency. Zurich, for example, taxes net wealth above CHF 81,000 for a single person (CHF 161,000 for a married couple). Its top bracket starts at CHF 3,304,000 with a 0.30% simple rate, and the cantonal multiplier (95% for 2026) plus the municipal one (119% in the city of Zurich) bring the effective top rate to about 0.64% in the city. Other cantons set meaningfully different thresholds and rates.
This creates a genuine "shop within the country" dynamic. Two people with identical net worth can face substantially different wealth tax bills depending purely on which canton they choose to live in, a level of sub-national variation that most general wealth tax content doesn't address at all.
Colombia
Colombia's wealth tax runs 0.5% to 1.5% and applies to worldwide net worth for residents, with thresholds that vary based on specific circumstances. This is the one country on the list outside the traditional "high-tax European destination" framing that our readers often associate with this category of exposure. It's worth keeping on the radar precisely because it rarely comes up in general relocation discussions, despite being one of only four OECD countries genuinely taxing total net worth in 2026.
Countries That Replaced Their Wealth Tax With Something Narrower
Several major economies that once had broad wealth taxes no longer levy one; France and the Netherlands replaced theirs with narrower substitutes, and this distinction is where most coverage blurs the line.
France replaced its broad wealth tax, the ISF (Impôt de Solidarité sur la Fortune), with the IFI (Impôt sur la Fortune Immobilière). The IFI applies only to real estate assets, not total net worth. A French resident with substantial financial assets but no real estate exposure can face materially different tax treatment than the old ISF regime would have applied.
The Netherlands replaced its wealth tax with Box 3, a "deemed-return" system that taxes an assumed rate of return on assets rather than the assets themselves: a presumed investment return rather than actual wealth or actual investment income. Germany has not levied its wealth tax since 1997 and has no substitute levy. Italy has no broad wealth tax, only flat levies on foreign property and foreign financial assets held by residents (IVIE and IVAFE).
This distinction, a broad net-worth tax versus a narrower asset-specific levy, is the key nuance most listicles blur together, and it's precisely why "wealth tax is everywhere" overstates the actual picture. A country with a real-estate-only levy or a deemed-return system is a fundamentally different proposition than a country taxing your entire net worth annually.
Curious about broader reporting obligations that come with holding assets across multiple countries? See our guide to FATCA and CRS reporting for global citizens →
Frequently asked questions
Which countries have a wealth tax in 2026?
Among OECD countries, only four levy a broad annual tax on total net worth in 2026: Norway, Spain, Switzerland and Colombia. France, Italy and the Netherlands tax narrower slices instead, such as France's real-estate wealth tax or the Netherlands' deemed-return Box 3, and Germany does not levy one. In Spain and Switzerland, the bill depends heavily on the region or canton where you live.
What is Spain's wealth tax rate?
Spain's state scale runs from 0.2% to 3.5% on net wealth above a €700,000 exemption, but regions can set their own rates and reliefs, and Madrid's 100% rebate removes the regional tax for its residents. On top sits a solidarity tax of 1.7% to 3.5% on net wealth above €3 million, with regional wealth tax paid deducted from it, so it still reaches wealthy Madrid residents. It has been extended pending reform of regional financing.
How to Actually Plan Around Wealth Tax Exposure
A few practical considerations matter more than the headline country rate alone.
Sub-national variation can change the real cost significantly. Spain's regional rebate and Switzerland's cantonal system both mean the country-level rate is only a starting point, not the actual number that applies to your situation. Where within the country you establish residency can matter as much as which country you choose in the first place.
Alternative flat-tax regimes can limit or exempt wealth tax exposure entirely. Several special tax regimes elsewhere in Europe, including flat-tax and non-dom style programs in other jurisdictions, specifically limit or exempt wealth tax exposure on included foreign assets for qualifying new residents. Where these regimes exist and apply to your situation, they can materially change the wealth tax calculation compared to standard resident treatment.
Wealth tax should be evaluated alongside income tax, not in isolation. A country with no wealth tax at all but high income tax rates may still cost more overall than a country with a modest wealth tax and lower income tax, depending entirely on your specific asset mix and income sources. Looking at wealth tax as a single isolated line item, rather than as one piece of a total tax burden calculation, is one of the more common planning mistakes in this space.
Ready to see the broader tax picture before you relocate? Read our guide to tax obligations when moving abroad →
Note: This guide is for research and educational purposes. It does not constitute legal or tax advice. Wealth tax rates, thresholds, and regional variations change, and your specific exposure depends on your asset composition and residency status. Always confirm current requirements with a licensed tax professional in your target jurisdiction before relocating.
If you're weighing a relocation destination and want a clearer sense of your actual wealth tax exposure before you commit, get in touch with Atlasway →. We're not a tax firm, so there's no pressure either way: we lay out what each destination would actually cost you and where the catch is, and if one of our routes fits better, we take it from there; if not, we point you to a licensed firm.
Conclusion
Wealth tax by country data for 2026 tells a far narrower story than most coverage suggests: among OECD countries, only Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and Colombia levy a genuine broad tax on total net worth, while France and the Netherlands have moved to narrower asset-specific alternatives, Germany has not levied its wealth tax since 1997, and Italy taxes only residents' foreign property and financial assets.
Spain's regional rebate variation, Switzerland's cantonal shopping dynamic, and the broader principle of evaluating wealth tax alongside total tax burden rather than in isolation are the three places relocation decisions most often go wrong when based on headline rates alone. Getting the actual, jurisdiction-specific picture before you commit to a residency, not after, is what separates an informed decision from an expensive surprise.
The work starts at exactly this stage of the decision: understanding what wealth tax actually costs in a specific country, and often a specific region within that country, before you commit to a move. Once you know the direction, we make it happen: for a company, we form it and stay your single point of contact; for residency, we bring in the licensed firm or authorised agent who has your details before the first call. Advice specific to your asset mix is where a licensed tax professional takes over.
The guide explains the mechanism. The country pages put a price on it.
Where you form and where you live both move the tax picture. The country and company pages carry the numbers; if you want them read against your own situation, write to us.